Let’s know about the instances when the freedom struggle of India was largely based on individual merit

Let’s know about the instances when the freedom struggle of India was largely based on individual merit

Some instances where revolutionaries were largely based on individual merit

 The rise of revolutionary terrorism in Indian politics during the first decade of the 20th century was accompanied by the strong involvement of extremists within parliament. Revolutionaries were more concerned with getting things done quickly than with the effectiveness of persuasion. Revolutionary terrorists wanted to oust Britain from power in India. Influenced by Irish terrorists and Russian nihilists, they adopted the strategy of assassinating corrupt and despised authorities.

 They also joined the Swadeshi Dacoities to generate income to procure weapons and other items. Revolutionary terrorists were active in Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra, and other parts of India and other countries. This has resulted in many terrorist youth clandestine groups.

  Bhadralok class is credited with starting revolutionary activities in Bengal. Pramotha Mitra of Calcutta and Pulin Das of Dacca founded secret societies such as  Anushilan Samiti. Similar societies included  Swadeshi Bandana and  Sadhana Samaj.

Barindra Kumar Ghose and Bhupindra Nath Datta founded the weekly newspaper Yugantar in 1908.

 His Damodarand Balkrishna of the  Chapekar brothers made the first political murder of a European in his Poona in Maharashtra. VD Savarkar said that in 1904 he founded  Mitra Mala, which later evolved into  Abhinav Bharat, a secret organization modelled after Mazzini’s Young Italy.

 Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh lead the revolutionary struggle in Punjab. Rash Behari Bose and Sachindranath Sanyal detonated bombs on British officials.

 Gadar Revolution

 Sohan Singh Bhakna founded his Ghadar movement in the United States recognized by Hardayal. Among his key leaders were Rehmat Ali Shah, Mohammed Barkatullah, Ram Chandra, Bhai Paramanand and others. She published a weekly newspaper called Ghadar intending to bring armed uprisings into India.

 The Gadar Party, led by Lala Haddayal, operates from Germany and establishes the Indian Independence Commission in Berlin. The Commission mobilized the Indian population abroad, sent troops into India to encourage a military uprising, supplied Indian revolutionaries with improvised explosives, and launched an expedition to British India to liberate the nation. It was even intended to be prepared.

 In response to the efforts of the revolutionaries, the authorities cracked down on them. Many laws were made to stop the actions of revolutionaries.

 Revolutionary Warriors

 The logical consequence of the rise of militant nationalism in India was the emergence of revolutionary terrorism. The swadeshi and boycott movements resulted in a more activist tone. In 1902 Janendranath Basu founded the first revolutionary organization in Midnapole and Promosamitter and Balindra Kumar Ghosh founded the Anusiran Samity in Calcutta.

 Revolutionaries established secret societies in India and abroad, published pamphlets, books and magazines, organized military conspiracies, and assassinated tyrannical and unpopular leaders to spread their revolutionary ideals. used many means.

In 1908 at Muzaffarnagar, Prahula Chaki and Khudiram Bose dropped explosives on a wagon carrying Justice Kingsford.

 The Barrah Dacoity was established by Dacca Anushilan and Pulin Das in 1908. In 1912 Wesley Harding was the target of a sensational bomb attack planned by Rasbehari Bose and Sachin Sanyal. Damodar and Balkrishna of Chapekar Bros, Poona Plague Officer Rand and  Lt. Ayerst of Maharashtra. Mitra Mela, a secret club founded by Savarkar and his brother in 1899, merged with Abhinav Bharat in  1904. Curzon Wylie was murdered by Madan Rai Dingra in 1909.

 In 1915, when the First World War was still underway, a commission aimed at the independence of India, known as the Berlin Commission, was set up by Virendranath Chattopadhyay and his other Hardayals. Baga Jatin was a Bengali rebel who was killed in the Battle of Balasore. It was after the sudden setback of the non-cooperative movement

that revolutionary terrorism returned. His revolution took place in Russia in 1917, along with his magazines such as Atmasakti and Bijoli, including books and novels such as PatherDabi by Sarat Chandra and Bandi Jivan by Sachin Sanyal, had a great influence on Indian revolutionaries. gave

 In  1924, Sachin Sanyal, and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, formed an army in Kanpur called the Hindustan Republican Army (HRA) and planned an armed uprising to overthrow the colonial government. The HRA’s main activity was  Kakori robbery, in which legitimate railroad revenues were stolen.

 In 1928 Chandrasekhar Azad organized the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association in Delhi. And that same year, in December, Bhagat Singh, along with Rajgur and Azad, shot dead a police officer named Saunders in the city of Lahore for indicting Rati against freedom fighter Lala His Lajpat Rai.

 In 1929, when a bill on public security and trade disputes was to be submitted to the Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dat were ordered to throw explosives at the Central Assembly to prevent the bill from being passed. I was. Azad was assassinated at a police conference in Allahabad  in February

1931, while Bhagat Singh, Rajgir and Sukhdev he was executed by hanging on 23 March 1931.

Revolutionary Strategy:

• Revolutionaries aimed to terrorize the authorities and assassinate British officers who were seen as highly exploitative.

• Worked to spread patriotism among the masses.

• One of their goals was to give courage to the youth and inspire them to become heroes fighting for their country.

• Remove the fear of the British government from the minds of the Indian people.

• Initially emphasized individual courage, but later saw the potential for mass revolution.

 Reasons for the failure of  revolutionaries:

• Revolutionaries came mainly from the urban middle class away from peasants and workers. The revolutionaries failed to mobilize the masses and motivate the people. In reality, they had no support from the general public. Personal heroism was what they believed in. The revolutionaries failed to achieve their goals and failed to gain the support of ordinary Indians, which became one of the main reasons for their premature and inevitable downfall.

• While the British government pursued them with vicious and repressive tactics to suppress their revolutionary movement, they lacked sufficient and necessary unified strategy and centralized command.

• Gandhiji’s innovative non-violent and peaceful campaign was more widespread and effective than others.

• The revolutionary movement of revolutionaries failed to achieve its goal of a free and independent nation. Revolutionary movements in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar came to an abrupt end in February 1931 when Chandrasekhar Azad was assassinated in a shootout in a public park in Allahabad.

• Surya Sen’s martyrdom also sealed his fate and marked the end of terrorist activities in Bengal.

• Revolutionaries did not even attempt to mobilize large-scale armed rebellion in the early stages of the revolutionary movement.

• They emphasized acts of special courage and aimed to liberate the nation through such acts.

• They were unorganized and lacked effective communication to properly guide all leaders.

• Their actions are inspired by Russian nihilists who are only interested in short-term gain. This was intended to instil fear in the British minds but failed to instil nationalism.

• Their approach and indoctrination were limited, which prevented them from gaining widespread support and support.

• They believed there was a religious dimension to their actions and regularly took religious vows.

• These reflect youth frustration over the lack of active functioning of major political parties such as the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.

• They conveyed the idea of ​​fighting the British with arms.

• Tilak’s ideas and tactics had a great influence on early revolutionary movements. Tilak had previously initiated the Shivaji and Ganesha celebrations as a strategy to bring the elite and illiterate masses closer together. Tilak positioned himself as an advocate of Hindu religious practices and expressed vociferous encouragement to revolutionary activists through his publications and also invited him to Bengal in 1906.

• In the early days of the movement, the use of Hindu imperialist ideology, Hindu slang, religious symbols, and rituals repelled Muslims and prevented them from participating in revolutionary movements.

 Conclusion:

 Britain’s harsh and brutal actions against Indian commanders were too great for the revolutionary movement to endure. justified. Nevertheless, Bhagat Singh, Surya Sen, Chandrasekhar Azad and thousands of other rebels earned an unparalleled reputation among the people for their noble and heroic sacrifices. Some may criticize the methods of achieving national liberation, but their goals cannot be questioned or criticized.